1. Cov txheej txheem yooj yim
Nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg, muaj ntau hom roj hmab, tab sis lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom zoo ib yam. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom ua los ntawm cov roj hmab khov kho (roj hmab nyoos) feem ntau suav nrog:
Kev npaj cov khoom siv raw → kev ua kom yas → kev sib tov → kev tsim khoom → kev sib xyaw → kev sib xyaw → kev sib xyaw → kev txiav → kev tshuaj xyuas
2. Kev npaj cov khoom siv raw
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab suav nrog roj hmab nyoos, cov neeg sawv cev sib xyaw, cov ntaub ntawv fiber, thiab cov ntaub ntawv hlau. Ntawm lawv, roj hmab nyoos yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb; Tus neeg sawv cev sib xyaw yog cov khoom siv pabcuam ntxiv los txhim kho qee yam khoom ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab; Cov ntaub ntawv fiber (paj rwb, ntaub pua chaw pw, ntaub plaub, ntau yam xov dag, xov hluavtaws) thiab cov ntaub ntawv hlau (hlau hlau, hlau tooj liab) yog siv ua cov khoom siv pob txha rau cov khoom siv roj hmab kom txhim kho lub zog kho tshuab thiab txwv tsis pub cov khoom puas.
Thaum lub sijhawm npaj cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom xyaw yuav tsum tau ntsuas kom raug raws li cov mis. Yuav kom cov roj hmab nyoos thiab cov tshuaj sib xyaw sib xyaw sib npaug zos, qee cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau ua tiav:
1. Cov txheej txheem yooj yim
Nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg, muaj ntau hom roj hmab, tab sis lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom zoo ib yam. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom ua los ntawm cov roj hmab khov kho (roj hmab nyoos) feem ntau suav nrog:
Kev npaj cov khoom siv raw → kev ua kom yas → kev sib tov → kev tsim khoom → kev sib xyaw → kev sib xyaw → kev so → kev tshuaj xyuas
2. Kev npaj cov khoom siv raw
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab suav nrog roj hmab nyoos, cov neeg sawv cev sib xyaw, cov ntaub ntawv fiber, thiab cov ntaub ntawv hlau. Ntawm lawv, roj hmab nyoos yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb; Tus neeg sawv cev sib xyaw yog cov khoom siv pabcuam ntxiv los txhim kho qee yam khoom ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab; Cov ntaub ntawv fiber (paj rwb, ntaub pua chaw pw, ntaub plaub, ntau yam xov dag, xov hluavtaws) thiab cov ntaub ntawv hlau (hlau hlau, hlau tooj liab) yog siv ua cov khoom siv pob txha rau cov khoom siv roj hmab kom txhim kho lub zog kho tshuab thiab txwv tsis pub cov khoom puas.
Thaum lub sijhawm npaj cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom xyaw yuav tsum tau ntsuas kom raug raws li cov mis. Yuav kom cov roj hmab nyoos thiab cov tshuaj sib xyaw sib xyaw sib npaug zos, qee cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau ua tiav:
Cov roj hmab nyoos yuav tsum tau ua kom mos mos hauv chav ziab 60-70 ℃ ua ntej txiav thiab tawg ua tej daim me me;
Cov khoom siv ntxiv xws li paraffin, stearic acid, rosin, thiab lwm yam yuav tsum tau muab tsoo;
Yog tias cov hmoov sib xyaw muaj cov khoom tsis huv lossis cov khoom me me, nws yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas thiab tshem tawm;
Cov khoom siv ua kua (pine tar, coumarone) xav tau cua sov, yaj, ua kom dej noo, thiab lim cov khoom tsis huv;
Tus neeg sawv cev sib xyaw yuav tsum tau qhuav, txwv tsis pub nws yuav yooj yim clumping thiab tsis tuaj yeem sib npaug thaum sib tov, ua rau muaj npuas thaum lub sijhawm vulcanization thiab cuam tshuam rau cov khoom zoo;
3. Kev ua kom zoo dua
Cov roj hmab nyoos yog elastic thiab tsis muaj cov khoom tsim nyog (plasticity) rau kev ua tiav, ua rau nws nyuaj rau ua tiav. Yuav kom txhim kho nws cov plasticity, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom cov roj hmab nyoos; Ua li no, tus neeg sawv cev sib xyaw tau yooj yim sib npaug hauv cov roj hmab nyoos thaum lub sijhawm sib tov; Tib lub sijhawm, thaum lub sijhawm dov thiab tsim cov txheej txheem, nws kuj pab txhim kho qhov permeability ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab (nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub fiber) thiab cov dej ntws. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov molecules ntev ntawm cov roj hmab nyoos los ua plasticity hu ua plasticization. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev rau kev ua kom cov roj hmab nyoos: kev ua kom zoo thiab kev ua kom zoo thermal. Mechanical plasticizing yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txo qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov molecules roj hmab ntev thiab hloov lawv los ntawm lub xeev elastic heev mus rau lub xeev yas los ntawm kev siv tshuab extrusion thiab kev sib txhuam ntawm lub tshuab plasticizing ntawm qhov kub qis. Thermoplastic refining yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev qhia cov cua kub compressed rau hauv cov roj hmab nyoos, uas, nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm cua sov thiab oxygen, degrades thiab luv luv cov molecules ntev, yog li tau txais plasticity.
4. Sib tov
Yuav kom hloov tau raws li ntau yam kev siv, ua tiav kev ua tau zoo sib txawv, thiab txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab thiab txo cov nqi, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntxiv cov khoom ntxiv sib txawv rau cov roj hmab nyoos. Kev sib tov yog ib qho txheej txheem ntawm kev sib tov cov roj hmab nyoos yas nrog cov neeg sawv cev sib xyaw thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab sib tov roj hmab. Los ntawm kev sib tov tshuab, cov neeg sawv cev sib xyaw ua ke tag nrho thiab sib npaug hauv cov roj hmab nyoos. Kev sib tov yog ib qho txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv roj hmab. Yog tias kev sib tov tsis sib npaug, lub luag haujlwm ntawm roj hmab thiab cov khoom ntxiv tsis tuaj yeem siv tag nrho, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom. Cov khoom siv roj hmab tau txais tom qab sib tov, hu ua roj hmab sib xyaw, yog cov khoom siv semi-finished siv los tsim ntau yam khoom siv roj hmab, feem ntau hu ua cov khoom siv roj hmab. Nws feem ntau muag ua khoom lag luam, thiab cov neeg yuav khoom tuaj yeem ua tiav thiab vulcanize cov khoom siv roj hmab ncaj qha los tsim cov khoom siv roj hmab xav tau. Raws li cov qauv sib txawv, cov roj hmab sib xyaw muaj ntau qib sib txawv thiab ntau yam nrog cov yam ntxwv sib txawv, muab kev xaiv.
5. Tsim
Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim cov khoom siv roj hmab, kev siv lub tshuab dov lossis extrusion los ua ntau yam duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg ua ntej hu ua molding. Cov txheej txheem tsim muaj xws li:
Kev dov ua yog tsim rau kev tsim cov khoom yooj yim thiab cov phaj zoo li. Nws yog ib txoj kev nias cov roj hmab sib xyaw rau hauv ib qho duab thiab qhov loj ntawm zaj duab xis los ntawm lub tshuab dov, hu ua dov ua. Qee cov khoom roj hmab (xws li cov log tsheb, daim kab xev, cov kav dej, thiab lwm yam) siv cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau uas yuav tsum tau coated nrog ib txheej nyias ntawm cov nplaum (tseem hu ua nplaum lossis so ntawm cov fibers), thiab cov txheej txheem txheej feem ntau ua tiav ntawm lub tshuab dov. Cov ntaub ntawv fiber yuav tsum tau qhuav thiab impregnated ua ntej dov. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ziab yog kom txo cov dej noo ntawm cov khoom siv fiber (kom tsis txhob evaporation thiab foaming) thiab txhim kho
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ib Hlis-09-2024
